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	<title>Essentials Pagina 3 - Revizia istoricului</title>
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	<updated>2026-05-06T11:54:15Z</updated>
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		<title>Admin la 30 octombrie 2024 18:51</title>
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		<updated>2024-10-30T18:51:26Z</updated>

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&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
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				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;ro&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Versiunea anterioară&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Versiunea de la data 30 octombrie 2024 18:51&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l96&quot;&gt;Linia 96:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Linia 96:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;NOTĂ&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Opţiunile prezentate sunt numai cele folosite frecvent; pentru mai multe informaţii citiţi pagina man a conenzii tastând $ man numele_conenzii într-un terminal sau mergeţi pe site-ul http://linuxmanpages.com/ şi introduceţi comanda dorită în câmpul Search For.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;NOTĂ&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Opţiunile prezentate sunt numai cele folosite frecvent; pentru mai multe informaţii citiţi pagina man a conenzii tastând $ man numele_conenzii într-un terminal sau mergeţi pe site-ul http://linuxmanpages.com/ şi introduceţi comanda dorită în câmpul Search For.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;/del&gt;Recapitulare&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;===&lt;/ins&gt;Recapitulare&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;===&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  pwd - listează calea absolută a directorului curent&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  pwd - listează calea absolută a directorului curent&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l199&quot;&gt;Linia 199:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Linia 199:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  rm fişier/director - şterge un fişier sau director cu conţinut  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  rm fişier/director - şterge un fişier sau director cu conţinut  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;/del&gt;Comenzi root&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;===&lt;/ins&gt;Comenzi root&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;===&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  Comenzi :  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  Comenzi :  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  cat- Concateneaza si printeaza  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  cat- Concateneaza si printeaza  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l266&quot;&gt;Linia 266:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Linia 266:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  logname - Afiseaza username-ul cu care te-ai logat  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  logname - Afiseaza username-ul cu care te-ai logat  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Comenzi pentru arhivare şi dezarhivare&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;===&lt;/ins&gt;Comenzi pentru arhivare şi dezarhivare&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;===&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;pentru dezarhivat avem comanda  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;/ins&gt;pentru dezarhivat avem comanda  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  tar zxvf &amp;lt;fisier&amp;gt; sau tar xvf &amp;lt;fisier&amp;gt; &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;, &lt;/del&gt;iar pentru arhivat  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  tar zxvf &amp;lt;fisier&amp;gt; sau tar xvf &amp;lt;fisier&amp;gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  tar cvzf folder.tgz folder  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;/ins&gt;iar pentru arhivat  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  tar cvzf folder.tgz folder&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; Fisierele zip se dezarhiveaza cu comanda unzip &amp;lt;fisier&amp;gt; in acel director&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Comenzi pentru ajutor&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;===&lt;/ins&gt;Comenzi pentru ajutor&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;===&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Acestea sunt folosite pentru înţelegerea rolului unei comenzi, listarea tuturor opţiunilor sau studierea sintaxei.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Acestea sunt folosite pentru înţelegerea rolului unei comenzi, listarea tuturor opţiunilor sau studierea sintaxei.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l293&quot;&gt;Linia 293:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Linia 295:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  Informaţiile conţinute de cele 2 pagini sunt relativ aceleaşi diferenţa constând în modul de afişare. Folosiţi metoda care vi se pare mai practică. Terminarea comenzii man sau info se face apăsând q (quit).  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  Informaţiile conţinute de cele 2 pagini sunt relativ aceleaşi diferenţa constând în modul de afişare. Folosiţi metoda care vi se pare mai practică. Terminarea comenzii man sau info se face apăsând q (quit).  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;/del&gt;Comenzi pentru managementul proceselor&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;===&lt;/ins&gt;Comenzi pentru managementul proceselor&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;===&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  ps, top, nice, kill, killall, pidof, pgrep, pstree&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  ps, top, nice, kill, killall, pidof, pgrep, pstree&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Admin</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.linuxadvanced.ro/index.php?title=Essentials_Pagina_3&amp;diff=400&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Admin la 29 octombrie 2024 19:56</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.linuxadvanced.ro/index.php?title=Essentials_Pagina_3&amp;diff=400&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2024-10-29T19:56:15Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;ro&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Versiunea anterioară&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Versiunea de la data 29 octombrie 2024 19:56&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l9&quot;&gt;Linia 9:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Linia 9:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  cd /another/location - (change directory) schimbă directorul curent în directorul primit ca paramentru&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  cd /another/location - (change directory) schimbă directorul curent în directorul primit ca paramentru&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Acesta poate fi de forma:  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Acesta poate fi de forma:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;    • nimic - merge în directorul home al userului&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;    &#039;&#039;&#039;• nimic&#039;&#039;&#039; - merge în directorul home al userului&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  $ cd - N-am folosit niciun parametru deci se preia automat home dir (notat cu ~)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  $ cd - N-am folosit niciun parametru deci se preia automat home dir (notat cu ~)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  $ pwd - Folosesc pwd pentru verificarea directorului curent&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  $ pwd - Folosesc pwd pentru verificarea directorului curent&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  /home/my_home_directory - Acesta e directorul meu home  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  /home/my_home_directory - Acesta e directorul meu home  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;     • cale relativă - directorul respectiv trebuie să fie cuprins în cel curent (nu se foloseşte niciodată / înaintea căii) altfel primim un mesaj care spune că acel director nu există  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;     &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;/ins&gt;• cale relativă&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039; &lt;/ins&gt;- directorul respectiv trebuie să fie cuprins în cel curent (nu se foloseşte niciodată / înaintea căii) altfel primim un mesaj care spune că acel director nu există  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  $ cd /dir1 - această comandă schimbă directrul în dir1 din /  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  $ cd /dir1 - această comandă schimbă directrul în dir1 din /  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  bash: cd: /dir1: No such file or directory - care nu există pentru că nu a fost creat&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  bash: cd: /dir1: No such file or directory - care nu există pentru că nu a fost creat&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l24&quot;&gt;Linia 24:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Linia 23:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  /home/my_home_directory/dir1  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  /home/my_home_directory/dir1  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;     • cale absolută - directorul respectiv se află undeva mai sus decât directorul curent (obligatoriu se foloseşte / înaintea căii)  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;     &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;/ins&gt;• cale absolută&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039; &lt;/ins&gt;- directorul respectiv se află undeva mai sus decât directorul curent (obligatoriu se foloseşte / înaintea căii)  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  $ cd /usr/bin&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  $ cd /usr/bin&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  $ pwd&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  $ pwd&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  /usr/bin&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  /usr/bin&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;     • .. - directorul părinte (suntem in /usr/bin de la comanda precedentă)  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;     &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;/ins&gt;• &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&lt;/ins&gt;..&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039; &lt;/ins&gt;- directorul părinte&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039; &lt;/ins&gt;(suntem in /usr/bin de la comanda precedentă)  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  $ cd ..&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  $ cd ..&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  $ pwd&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  $ pwd&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  /usr&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  /usr&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;     • / - rădăcină  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;     &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;/ins&gt;• / - rădăcină&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  $ cd /&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  $ cd /&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  $ pwd&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  $ pwd&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l110&quot;&gt;Linia 110:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Linia 106:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;mkdir&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;mkdir&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  mkdir nume_director - (make directory) crează un director cu numele indicat Acesta poate fi sub formă de:  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  mkdir nume_director - (make directory) crează un director cu numele indicat Acesta poate fi sub formă de:  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;     &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;/ins&gt;• cale relativă&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039; &lt;/ins&gt;- va fi creat în folderul curent  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;     • cale relativă - va fi creat în folderul curent  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  $ mkdir my_dir&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  $ mkdir my_dir&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;     &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;/ins&gt;• cale absolută&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039; &lt;/ins&gt;- va fi creat exact în locaţia indicată  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;     • cale absolută - va fi creat exact în locaţia indicată  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  $ mkdir /home/my_home_dir/my_dir&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  $ mkdir /home/my_home_dir/my_dir&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l138&quot;&gt;Linia 138:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Linia 130:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  $ mkdir -v my_dir&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  $ mkdir -v my_dir&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  mkdir: created directory `my_dir&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  mkdir: created directory `my_dir&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;rmdir&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;rmdir&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l240&quot;&gt;Linia 240:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Linia 231:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;1.2 /sbin &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;1.2 /sbin &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Aici se gasesc comenzile de baza pe care numai utilizatorul &amp;quot;root&amp;quot; are dreptul sa le execute.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Aici se gasesc comenzile de baza pe care numai utilizatorul &amp;quot;root&amp;quot; are dreptul sa le execute.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  depmod - Se ocupa cu dependintele unui modul incarcabil in kernel  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  depmod - Se ocupa cu dependintele unui modul incarcabil in kernel  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  dhclient - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Client  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  dhclient - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Client  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l246&quot;&gt;Linia 246:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Linia 237:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  fsck - Verifica si repara sistemul de fisiere (etx2, ext3, vfat, msdos etc...)  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  fsck - Verifica si repara sistemul de fisiere (etx2, ext3, vfat, msdos etc...)  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  halt, reboot, poweroff, shutdown - Opreste sistemul  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  halt, reboot, poweroff, shutdown - Opreste sistemul  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  ifconfig - Configureaza o interfata  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  ifconfig - Configureaza o interfata &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;retea&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  ifup, ifdown - Porneste sau opreste o interfata  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  ifup, ifdown - Porneste sau opreste o interfata &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;retea&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  init, telinit - Initializeaza procesele  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  init, telinit - Initializeaza procesele  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  insmod - Insereaza un modul incarcabil in kernel  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  insmod - Insereaza un modul incarcabil in kernel  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  ldconfig - Oarecum upgradeaza cunostiintele despre librariile din sistem  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  ldconfig - Oarecum upgradeaza cunostiintele despre librariile din sistem&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; lilo - LInux LOader &lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  losetup - Seteaza si controleaza device-urile loop  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  losetup - Seteaza si controleaza device-urile loop  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  lsmod - Listeaza modulele incarcate in kernel  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  lsmod - Listeaza modulele incarcate in kernel  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l259&quot;&gt;Linia 259:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Linia 249:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  modprobe - Cu ajutorul lui se pot manevra mai bine modulele  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  modprobe - Cu ajutorul lui se pot manevra mai bine modulele  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  rmmod - Sterge un modul incarcat din kernel  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  rmmod - Sterge un modul incarcat din kernel  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  route - Se ocupa cu manevrarea routelor  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  route - Se ocupa cu manevrarea routelor&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; runlevel Gaseste runlevel-ul curent si cel anterior &lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  setpci - Configureaza device-urile PCI  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  setpci - Configureaza device-urile PCI  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  start-stop-daemon  -Program de pornire/oprire a daemon-ilor  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  start-stop-daemon  -Program de pornire/oprire a daemon-ilor  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Admin</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.linuxadvanced.ro/index.php?title=Essentials_Pagina_3&amp;diff=396&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Admin la 29 octombrie 2024 16:14</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.linuxadvanced.ro/index.php?title=Essentials_Pagina_3&amp;diff=396&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2024-10-29T16:14:20Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
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				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;ro&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Versiunea anterioară&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Versiunea de la data 29 octombrie 2024 16:14&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l340&quot;&gt;Linia 340:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Linia 340:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Data, Ora - Afisarea si fixarea ceasului, sincronizarea online&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Data, Ora - Afisarea si fixarea ceasului, sincronizarea online&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Date, ntpd, ntpdate, ntpq&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Date, ntpd, ntpdate, ntpq&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[Essentials_Pagina_2|Pagina anterioară]] | [[Essentials_Pagina_4|Următoarea pagină]]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Admin</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.linuxadvanced.ro/index.php?title=Essentials_Pagina_3&amp;diff=387&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Admin: Pagină nouă: =Laborator 3= Command line partea a II-a   &#039;&#039;&#039;pwd&#039;&#039;&#039; - (print working directory) listează calea absolută a directorului curent (direcotrul în care ne aflăm)   $ pwd  /home/my_home_directory   &#039;&#039;&#039;cd&#039;&#039;&#039;  cd /another/location - (change directory) schimbă directorul curent în directorul primit ca paramentru  Acesta poate fi de forma:      • nimic - merge în directorul home al userului   $ cd - N-am folosit niciun parametru deci se preia automat home dir (notat cu ~)  $ p...</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.linuxadvanced.ro/index.php?title=Essentials_Pagina_3&amp;diff=387&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2024-10-28T21:18:47Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Pagină nouă: =Laborator 3= Command line partea a II-a   &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;pwd&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; - (print working directory) listează calea absolută a directorului curent (direcotrul în care ne aflăm)   $ pwd  /home/my_home_directory   &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;cd&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;  cd /another/location - (change directory) schimbă directorul curent în directorul primit ca paramentru  Acesta poate fi de forma:      • nimic - merge în directorul home al userului   $ cd - N-am folosit niciun parametru deci se preia automat home dir (notat cu ~)  $ p...&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Pagină nouă&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;=Laborator 3=&lt;br /&gt;
Command line partea a II-a&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;pwd&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; - (print working directory) listează calea absolută a directorului curent (direcotrul în care ne aflăm) &lt;br /&gt;
 $ pwd&lt;br /&gt;
 /home/my_home_directory&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;cd&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
 cd /another/location - (change directory) schimbă directorul curent în directorul primit ca paramentru&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Acesta poate fi de forma: &lt;br /&gt;
    • nimic - merge în directorul home al userului&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 $ cd - N-am folosit niciun parametru deci se preia automat home dir (notat cu ~)&lt;br /&gt;
 $ pwd - Folosesc pwd pentru verificarea directorului curent&lt;br /&gt;
 /home/my_home_directory - Acesta e directorul meu home &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    • cale relativă - directorul respectiv trebuie să fie cuprins în cel curent (nu se foloseşte niciodată / înaintea căii) altfel primim un mesaj care spune că acel director nu există &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 $ cd /dir1 - această comandă schimbă directrul în dir1 din / &lt;br /&gt;
 bash: cd: /dir1: No such file or directory - care nu există pentru că nu a fost creat&lt;br /&gt;
 $ cd dir1 - aici se preia ca parametru /home/my_home_directory/dir1&lt;br /&gt;
 $ pwd - Verific directorul curent&lt;br /&gt;
 /home/my_home_directory/dir1 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    • cale absolută - directorul respectiv se află undeva mai sus decât directorul curent (obligatoriu se foloseşte / înaintea căii) &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 $ cd /usr/bin&lt;br /&gt;
 $ pwd&lt;br /&gt;
 /usr/bin&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    • .. - directorul părinte (suntem in /usr/bin de la comanda precedentă) &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 $ cd ..&lt;br /&gt;
 $ pwd&lt;br /&gt;
 /usr&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    • / - rădăcină &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 $ cd /&lt;br /&gt;
 $ pwd&lt;br /&gt;
 /&lt;br /&gt;
 NOTĂ: Deplasarea într-un director care are un nume format din mai multe cuvinte se face folosind ghilimele pentru încadrarea acestora sau \ înainte de fiecare spaţiu.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Exemple:&lt;br /&gt;
 cd &amp;quot;multiword named directory&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
 cd multiword\ named\ directory &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;ls&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
 ls /some/directory - (list) listează conţinutul directorului primit ca parametru&lt;br /&gt;
 Acesta poate fi de forma: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    • nimic - listează conţinutul directorului curent (suntem în / de la comanda precedentă) &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 $ ls&lt;br /&gt;
 bin/  etc/  initrd/ live/ media/      opt/ root/ sys/  tmp/ var/&lt;br /&gt;
 boot/ dev/  home/   lib/  lost+found/ mnt/ proc/ sbin/ usr/&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    • cale relativă sau absolută - listează conţinutul directorului primit ca parametru &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 $ ls /usr&lt;br /&gt;
 bin/ etc/ games/ include/ lib/ libexec/ local/ sbin/ share/ src/ X11R6/&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
     • ../ - listează conţinutul directorului părinte &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 $ cd&lt;br /&gt;
 $ pwd&lt;br /&gt;
 /home/my_home_directory&lt;br /&gt;
 $ ls ../&lt;br /&gt;
 my_home_directory/&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Pot fi folosite următoarele opţiuni:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 -a (all) - listează toate fişierele şi directoarele inclusiv pe cele ascunse &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 $ ls -a&lt;br /&gt;
 Documente/    Fisier&lt;br /&gt;
 Muzica/       .Secret_dir/&lt;br /&gt;
 .secret_file&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 -l (long) - listează informaţii suplimentare &lt;br /&gt;
 $ ls -l&lt;br /&gt;
 drwxr-xr-x  2 tiberiu tiberiu 4096 2010-07-13 12:18 Desktop/&lt;br /&gt;
 -rw-rw-r--  1 tiberiu tiberiu    0 2010-06-24 09:53 Fisier&lt;br /&gt;
 lrwxrwxrwx  1 tiberiu tiberiu   25 2010-04-17 19:41 Muzica -&amp;gt; /mnt/data/Galerii/Muzica//&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Acest output conţine câte o linie pentru fiecare fişier/director şi mai multe coloane pentru separarea informaţiilor. Prima coloană este formată din 10 caractere ce reprezintă tipul elementului (- fisier, d director, l link) şi apoi permisiunile (r read, w write, x execute) fiind grupate câte 3 pentru owner, group şi others.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A doua coloană indică numărul de scurtături către acest fişier/director.&lt;br /&gt;
A treia coloană conţine numele ownerului în timp ce a patra numele grupului.&lt;br /&gt;
A cincea coloană indică dimensiunea în B (bites).&lt;br /&gt;
A şasea şi a şaptea contin data şi ora la care a fost creat sau când s-a efectuat ultima modificare.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ultima coloană reprezintă numele fişierului (nu are / la sfârşit), directorului (are / la sfârşit) sau link-ului care va indica şi fisierul sau folderul ţintă. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Opţiunile -l şi -a pot fi folosite împreună sub forma -la sau -al pentru combinarea output-ului celor două; astfel vom avea descriere amănunţită pentru toate fişierele şi directoarele.&lt;br /&gt;
Opţiunea -h (human) se foloseşte în combinaţie cu -l pentru afişarea dimensiunii într-un format mai usor de citit (KB, MB, GB). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;NOTĂ&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Opţiunile prezentate sunt numai cele folosite frecvent; pentru mai multe informaţii citiţi pagina man a conenzii tastând $ man numele_conenzii într-un terminal sau mergeţi pe site-ul http://linuxmanpages.com/ şi introduceţi comanda dorită în câmpul Search For. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Recapitulare&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 pwd - listează calea absolută a directorului curent&lt;br /&gt;
 cd director - merge în directorul indicat&lt;br /&gt;
 ls - listează conţinutul directorului&lt;br /&gt;
 Comenzi pentru manipularea fişierelor şi directoarelor&lt;br /&gt;
 Acestea includ crearea şi ştergerea de directoare, fişiere, redenumirea şi mutarea lor în altă parte. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;mkdir&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
 mkdir nume_director - (make directory) crează un director cu numele indicat Acesta poate fi sub formă de: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    • cale relativă - va fi creat în folderul curent &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 $ mkdir my_dir&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    • cale absolută - va fi creat exact în locaţia indicată &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 $ mkdir /home/my_home_dir/my_dir&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;NOTĂ&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Crearea unui director care are un nume format din mai multe cuvinte se folosesc ghilimele pentru încadrarea acestora sau \ înainte de fiecare spaţiu.&lt;br /&gt;
Exemple:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 $ mkdir &amp;quot;multiword named directory&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
 $ mkdir multiword\ named\ directory &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Opţiunile disponibile pentru această comandă sunt:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 -p (parents) crează şi directoarele părinţi dacă este cazul&lt;br /&gt;
 $ mkdir dir1/dir2 Această comandă înseamnă crearea lui dir2 în dir1 din directorul curent.&lt;br /&gt;
 mkdir: cannot create directory `dir1/dir2/&amp;#039;: No such file or directory Indică faptul că dir1 nu există în directorul curent.&lt;br /&gt;
 $ mkdir -p dir1/dir2 Se foloseşte opţiunea -p la crearea directoarelor&lt;br /&gt;
 $ ls listăm conţinutul directorului curent&lt;br /&gt;
 dir1 se observă că dir1 a fost creat&lt;br /&gt;
 $ cd dir1;ls schimbăm în dir1 şi listăm din nou&lt;br /&gt;
 dir2 se observă că dir2 a fost creat&lt;br /&gt;
-v (verbose) - afişează output pentru fiecare operaţie&lt;br /&gt;
 $ mkdir -v my_dir&lt;br /&gt;
 mkdir: created directory `my_dir&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;rmdir&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
 rmdir nume_director - (remove directory) şterge directorul indicat numai dacă este gol Poate primi ca argument cale relativă sau absolută şi are aceleaşi opţiuni ca mkdir (-p, - v); diferenţa constă în faptul că -p va şterge directoarele părinţi. &lt;br /&gt;
 $ rmdir -p dir1/dir2 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Dacă în dir1 ar mai exista un alt director sau fişier acesta nu va putea fi şters întrucât comanda rmdir nu permite acest lucru. Pentru ştergerea unui director cu conţinut se foloseşte comanda rm prezentată mai jos. rmdir poate primi ca parametru şi * ceea ce corespunde cu orice fişier sau director. Comanda rmdir * executată într-un folder va şterge tot conţinutul acestuia dar nu şi directorul în sine. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;touch&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
 touch nume_fişier – crează un fişier text cu numele indicat Acestă comandă este folosită numai în cazuri speciale; în mod normal fişierele sunt create de aplicaţii şi nu ca atare (ex: openoffice sau descărcate de pe net). În cazul de faţă o vom folosi pentru a crea un fişier exemplificativ. &lt;br /&gt;
 $ touch my_file &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;cp&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
 cp fişier_sursă fişier_destinaţie – (copy) copiază fişierul sau directorul indicat într-un nou loc&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 $ cp my_file my_file1 comanda a creat o copie a fişierului my_file numită my_file1&lt;br /&gt;
 Poate primi ca parametri calea relativă sau absolută pentru fiecare din cei 2 separat; dacă nu se indică o cale pentru destinaţie directorul sau fişierul din sursă va fi copiat direct în directorul curent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 $ cp dir1/dir2/my_file my_file comanda va crea o copie a fişierului /home/my_home_dir/dir1/dir2/my_file în /home/my_home_dir/my_file&lt;br /&gt;
De asemenea dacă la sursă nu se indică numele fişierului ci doar directorul/directoarele care îl conţin (cu / obligatoriu la sfârşit) numele se va păstra.&lt;br /&gt;
 $ cp dir1/dir2/my_file dir1/ comanda va crea o copie a fişierului /home/my_home_dir/dir2/di2/my_file în /home/my_home_dir/dir1/my_file&lt;br /&gt;
Dacă destinaţia indicată există deja comanda va aştepta o confirmare care poate fi y pentru yes sau n pentru no.&lt;br /&gt;
 $ cp dir1/dir2/my_file my_file&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 cp: overwrite `my_file&amp;#039;?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Opţiunile disponibile sunt:&lt;br /&gt;
 -v – (verbose) afişează output pentru fiecare operaţie&lt;br /&gt;
 -r – (recursive) se foloseşte atunci când se doreşte copierea unui director; în mod normal comanda acceptă ca sursă numai fişiere indiferent dacă se scrie şi calea sau nu.   Opţiunea -r permite specificarea unui director şi-l va copia cu tot cu conţinut (dacă există ceva) în destinaţie.&lt;br /&gt;
 $ ls dir1/&lt;br /&gt;
 dir2/&lt;br /&gt;
 $ cp -r dir1/ dir1.copy&lt;br /&gt;
 $ ls dir1.copy&lt;br /&gt;
 dir2/&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Folosirea * la sursă înseamnă copierea întregului conţinut în destinaţie dar nu şi a directorului în sine. -u - (update) copiază sursa numai dacă a fost modificată mai recent decât destinaţia sau dacă nu există în destinaţie; este util pentru a ne asigura că 2 directoare au conţinut identic. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;mv&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
 mv fişier_sursă fişier_destinaţie - (move) mută un fişier sau director în altă locaţie dar în acelaşi timp poate să şi redenumească.&lt;br /&gt;
 $ ls&lt;br /&gt;
 my_file&lt;br /&gt;
 $ mv my_file my_new_file&lt;br /&gt;
 $ ls&lt;br /&gt;
 my_new_file&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Poate primi cale relativă sau absolută pentru ambii parametri iar ca opţiuni are:&lt;br /&gt;
 -f (force) suprascrie automat dacă e cazul fără a cere confirmare de la utilizator -u (update) mută sursa numai dacă este mai nouă sau dacă nu există ca destinaţie -v (verbose) listează output pentru fiecare operaţie efectuată &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;rm&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
 rm fişier - (remove) şterge un fişier sau director&lt;br /&gt;
 $ rm my_file&lt;br /&gt;
 rm: remove regular file `my_file&amp;#039;?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;NOTĂ&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;: Comenzile care suprascriu fişire (cp, mv, rm) cer confirmare atunci când sunt folosite de utilizatori obişnuiţi dar nu şi atunci când sunt executate de root. Pentru evitarea ştergerii accidentale se poate folosi opţiunea -i (interactive). Răspunsul pentru confirmare poate fi y (yes) sau n (no).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;ATENŢIE! Fişierele şterse din consolă nu se duc într-un folder numit Trash ca în cazul interfeţelor grafice. Odată şterse fişierele nu mai pot fi recuperate&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ştergerea directoarelor care nu sunt goale se face folosind opţiunea -r (recursive); aceasta va determina ştergerea tuturor fişierelor, directoarelor conţinute şi apoi a directorului iniţial. Când este folosită de un utilizator obişnuit va cere confirmare pentru a intra într-un director şi apoi pentru ştergerea fiecărui fişier în parte. -f (force) - va răspunde automat cu y la toate confirmările.&lt;br /&gt;
Ştergerea unui director care are un conţinut foarte mare se face folosind opţiunile -rf împreună. -v (verbose) listează output pentru fiecare operaţie efectuată. Folosirea * ca parametru determină ştergerea tuturor fişierelor conţinute dar nu şi a directoarelor; pentru a le şterge şi pe acestea folosiţi rmdir -r *. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
NOTĂ: Opţiunile prezentate sunt numai cele folosite frecvent; pentru mai multe informaţii citiţi pagina man a conenzii tastând $ man numele_conenzii într-un terminal sau mergeţi pe site-ul http://linuxmanpages.com/ şi introduceţi comanda dorită în câmpul Search For. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Recapitulare&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
 mkdir director - crează un director&lt;br /&gt;
 rmdir director - şterge un director gol&lt;br /&gt;
 touch fişier - crează un fisier text&lt;br /&gt;
 cp sursă destinaţie copiază un fişier sau director&lt;br /&gt;
 mv sursă destinaţie - mută sau redenumeşte un fişier sau director&lt;br /&gt;
 rm fişier/director - şterge un fişier sau director cu conţinut &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Comenzi root&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
 Comenzi : &lt;br /&gt;
 cat- Concateneaza si printeaza &lt;br /&gt;
 chmod - Schimba modul unui fisier &lt;br /&gt;
 chown - Schimba proprietarul unui fisier &lt;br /&gt;
 dd - Converteste si copiaza un fisier &lt;br /&gt;
 df - Afiseaza spatiul liber &lt;br /&gt;
 dir - Listeaza fisierele dintr-un director &lt;br /&gt;
 echo - Afiseaza o linie de text &lt;br /&gt;
 grep - Afiseaza o linie care intruneste o calitate &lt;br /&gt;
 gzip - Arhivator gzip &lt;br /&gt;
 gunzip - Dezarhivator gzip &lt;br /&gt;
 hostname - Afiseaza sau schimba hostname-ul sistemului &lt;br /&gt;
 kill - Omoara procesele &lt;br /&gt;
 ln - Creeaza legaturi intre fisiere &lt;br /&gt;
 ls - Listeaza fisierele dintr-un director &lt;br /&gt;
 mkdir - Creeaza un director &lt;br /&gt;
 mknod - Creeaza device-uri &lt;br /&gt;
 mount - Monteaza un device &lt;br /&gt;
 mv - Muta fisierele dintr-o sursa intr-o destinatie &lt;br /&gt;
 ps - Raporteaza statutul proceselor &lt;br /&gt;
 pwd - Printeaza cale curenta &lt;br /&gt;
 rm - Sterge un fisier/director( rm -r) &lt;br /&gt;
 rmdir - Sterge un director &lt;br /&gt;
 su - Schimba UID-ul pentru a deveni super-user &lt;br /&gt;
 tar - Arhivator/Dezarhivator tar &lt;br /&gt;
 touch - Creeaza un fisier &lt;br /&gt;
 umount - Demonteaza un device &lt;br /&gt;
 uname  - Afiseaza informatii despre sistem&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;1.2 /sbin &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
Aici se gasesc comenzile de baza pe care numai utilizatorul &amp;quot;root&amp;quot; are dreptul sa le execute. &lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
 depmod - Se ocupa cu dependintele unui modul incarcabil in kernel &lt;br /&gt;
 dhclient - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Client &lt;br /&gt;
 fdisk - Program pentru manipularea partitiilor &lt;br /&gt;
 fsck - Verifica si repara sistemul de fisiere (etx2, ext3, vfat, msdos etc...) &lt;br /&gt;
 halt, reboot, poweroff, shutdown - Opreste sistemul &lt;br /&gt;
 ifconfig - Configureaza o interfata &lt;br /&gt;
 ifup, ifdown - Porneste sau opreste o interfata &lt;br /&gt;
 init, telinit - Initializeaza procesele &lt;br /&gt;
 insmod - Insereaza un modul incarcabil in kernel &lt;br /&gt;
 ldconfig - Oarecum upgradeaza cunostiintele despre librariile din sistem &lt;br /&gt;
 lilo - LInux LOader &lt;br /&gt;
 losetup - Seteaza si controleaza device-urile loop &lt;br /&gt;
 lsmod - Listeaza modulele incarcate in kernel &lt;br /&gt;
 lspci - Listeaza device-urile de pe PCI-uri &lt;br /&gt;
 mkfs - Creeaza un sistem de fisiere &lt;br /&gt;
 modinfo - Listeaza informatii despre un modul incarcabil in kernel &lt;br /&gt;
 modprobe - Cu ajutorul lui se pot manevra mai bine modulele &lt;br /&gt;
 rmmod - Sterge un modul incarcat din kernel &lt;br /&gt;
 route - Se ocupa cu manevrarea routelor &lt;br /&gt;
 runlevel Gaseste runlevel-ul curent si cel anterior &lt;br /&gt;
 setpci - Configureaza device-urile PCI &lt;br /&gt;
 start-stop-daemon  -Program de pornire/oprire a daemon-ilor &lt;br /&gt;
 sysctl - Configureaza parametrii kernel-ului la pornire   &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;1.3 /usr/bin&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 chattr - Schimba atributele unui sistem de fisiere ext2 &lt;br /&gt;
 du - Estimeaza folosirea spatiului de catre un fisier/director &lt;br /&gt;
 file - Afla tipul unui fisier &lt;br /&gt;
 find - Cauta un fisier intr-o cale &lt;br /&gt;
 host - Program de interogare a server-elor de nume &lt;br /&gt;
 killall - Omoara un proces dupa nume &lt;br /&gt;
 last, lastlog - Afiseaza username-ul ultimului user logat in sistem &lt;br /&gt;
 less - Program de pipe &lt;br /&gt;
 logname - Afiseaza username-ul cu care te-ai logat &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Comenzi pentru arhivare şi dezarhivare&lt;br /&gt;
pentru dezarhivat avem comanda &lt;br /&gt;
 tar zxvf &amp;lt;fisier&amp;gt; sau tar xvf &amp;lt;fisier&amp;gt; , iar pentru arhivat &lt;br /&gt;
 tar cvzf folder.tgz folder &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Comenzi pentru ajutor&lt;br /&gt;
Acestea sunt folosite pentru înţelegerea rolului unei comenzi, listarea tuturor opţiunilor sau studierea sintaxei. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 whatis&lt;br /&gt;
 whatis nume_comandă - listează informaţii despre rolul unei comenzi &lt;br /&gt;
 $ whatis whatis&lt;br /&gt;
 whatis               (1)  - search the whatis database for complete words&lt;br /&gt;
 $ whatis mkdir&lt;br /&gt;
 mkdir                (2)  - create a directory&lt;br /&gt;
 $ whatis man&lt;br /&gt;
 man                  (1)  - format and display the on-line manual pages&lt;br /&gt;
 man                  (7)  - macros to format man pages&lt;br /&gt;
 man.config [man]     (5)  - configuration data for man&lt;br /&gt;
 man-pages            (7)  - conventions for writing Linux man pages&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;info&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
 info nume_comandă - afisează o pagină informativă despre comanda primită ca parametru; navigarea se face cu săgeţile sus/jos şi pageup/pagedown   &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;man&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
 man nume_comandă - listează manualul pentru comanda primită ca parametru; navigarea se face cu săgeţile sus/jos şi pageup/pagedown (space şi enter echivalează cu pagedown şi  respectiv one line down)  &lt;br /&gt;
 Informaţiile conţinute de cele 2 pagini sunt relativ aceleaşi diferenţa constând în modul de afişare. Folosiţi metoda care vi se pare mai practică. Terminarea comenzii man sau info se face apăsând q (quit). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Comenzi pentru managementul proceselor&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 ps, top, nice, kill, killall, pidof, pgrep, pstree&lt;br /&gt;
 ps -ax - listează procesele care ruleaza in memoria sistemului (snapshot)&lt;br /&gt;
 top – listeaza procesele in timp real&lt;br /&gt;
 nice – schimba prioritatea procesului&lt;br /&gt;
 Process status S column from  top command output&lt;br /&gt;
  &lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;#039;D&amp;#039; = uninterruptible sleep&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;#039;R&amp;#039; = running&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;#039;S&amp;#039; = sleeping&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;#039;T&amp;#039; = traced or stopped&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;#039;Z&amp;#039; = zombie&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;#039;R&amp;#039; is the easiest; the process is ready to run, and will run whenever its turn to use the CPU comes.&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;#039;S&amp;#039; and &amp;#039;D&amp;#039; are two sleep states, where the process is waiting for something to happen. The difference is that &amp;#039;S&amp;#039; can be interrupted by a signal, while &amp;#039;D&amp;#039; cannot (it is  usually seen when the process is waiting for the disk).&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;#039;T&amp;#039; is a state where the process is stopped, usually via SIGSTOP or SIGTSTP. It can also be stopped by a debugger (ptrace). When you see that state, it usually is because you used Ctrl-Z to put a command on the background.&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;#039;Z&amp;#039; is a state where the process is dead (it has finished its execution), and the only thing left is the structure describing it on the kernel. It is waiting for its parent process to retrieve its exit code, and not much more. After its parent process is finished with it, it will disappear.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Programarea activitatilor&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
 crontab -e|-l|-r&lt;br /&gt;
 * * * * * *&lt;br /&gt;
 | | | | | | &lt;br /&gt;
 | | | | | +-- Year              (range: 1900-3000)&lt;br /&gt;
 | | | | +---- Day of the Week   (range: 1-7, 1 standing for Monday)&lt;br /&gt;
 | | | +------ Month of the Year (range: 1-12)&lt;br /&gt;
 | | +-------- Day of the Month  (range: 1-31)&lt;br /&gt;
 | +---------- Hour              (range: 0-23)&lt;br /&gt;
 +------------ Minute            (range: 0-59) &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Cronometrarea activitatilor&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 Time &amp;lt;comanda&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 Ex: time wc /etc/passwd&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Data, Ora - Afisarea si fixarea ceasului, sincronizarea online&lt;br /&gt;
Date, ntpd, ntpdate, ntpq&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Admin</name></author>
	</entry>
</feed>